ICAR AIEEA UG & NEET UG EXAM NOTES ON BIOLOGY TOPIC ‘The Living World’

This exam facts are from famous book: Biology Class 11th Book by N C E R T

• Growth is characterized by Increase in mass and increase in number of individuals. 

• Fungi multiply and spread due to the millions of asexual spores.
• Yeast and hydra multiply by budding. 
• Planaria (flatworms) multiply by true regeneration
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• True regeneration is a multiplication in which a fragmented organism regenerates the lost part of its body and becomes a new organism. (ICAR UG 2022)
• Fungi, the filamentous algae, the protonema of mosses multiply by fragmentation. 

• Metabolism is the sum total of all the chemical reactions occurring in body. 
• No non-living object exhibits metabolism. 
• Metabolism is a defining feature of all living organisms without exception.(ICAR UG 2017)
• Human beings are the only organism with self-consciousness / self awareness.(ICAR UG 2017)
• Consciousness becomes the defining property of living organisms. (ICAR UG 2017)
• The number of species known are 1.7-1.8 million. 
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• For plants, scientific names are provided in International Code for Botanical Nomenclature (ICBN). (ICAR UG 2019)
• For animal, scientific names are provided in International Code of Zoological Nomenclature(ICZN). 
• Universally accepted principles of scientific name is ‘Binomial nomenclature’ in which each name has 2 components, ‘Generic name’, ‘Specific epithet’.
• Binomial naming system is given by Carolus Linnaeus.
• Linnaeus used ‘Systema Naturae’ as the title of his publication. (ICAR UG 2019)
• Scientific name of mango is written as Mangifera indica. 
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• Universal rules of nomenclature: 

(1) Biological names are generally in Latin and written in italics. Biological names are Latinised or derived from Latin irrespective of their origin. 

(2) The first word in a biological name represents the genus while the second component denotes the specific epithet.

(3) Both the words in a biological name, when handwritten, are separately underlined, or printed in italics to indicate their Latin origin. 

(4) The first word denoting the genus starts with a capital letter while the specific epithet starts with a small letter. 

Previous year questions asked from the Biology topic ‘The Living World’ (Click here)

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