Production Technology of Fruit Crops - One Liner Notes

Production Technology of Fruit Crops:

1. - Mango
2. - Banana
3. - Citrus (Oranges, Lemons, etc.)
4. - Grapes
5. - Papaya
6. - Sapota (Chikoo)
7. - Guava
8. - Pineapple
9. - Jackfruit
10. - Pomegranate
11. - Custard Apple
12. - Ber and Jamun
13. - Amla (Indian Gooseberry)
14. - Wood Apple and Bael
15. - Date Palm
16. - Subtropical fruits (Mangosteen)
17. - Fig
18. - Litchi
19. - Avocado
20. - Durian and Carambola (Star Fruit)
21. - Rambutan and Longan
22. - Apple
23. - Pear
24. - Plums and Prunes
25. - Peach and Nectarines

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Mango

• Importance: Major fruit crop, high nutritional value.
• Origin: India.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Alphonso, Dashehari, Langra.
• Cultivation: Planting, high-density planting, nutrient management.
• Problems: Fruit drop, malformation.
• Pests and Diseases: Fruit fly, anthracnose.
• Harvesting: Stage of maturity critical.
• Yield: Varies by variety.
• Storage: Temperature management essential.

Banana

• Importance: Staple fruit, rich in carbohydrates and vitamins.
• Origin: Southeast Asia.
• Climate: Tropical, requires high humidity.
• Varieties: Dwarf Cavendish, Robusta.
• Cultivation: Tissue culture plants used, requires fertile soil.
• Problems: High water demand.
• Pests and Diseases: Bunchy top, Fusarium wilt.
• Harvesting: Harvested green, ripened artificially.
• Yield: High yielding.
• Storage: Sensitive to cold.

Citrus (Oranges, Lemons)

• Importance: Rich in Vitamin C.
• Origin: Southeast Asia.
• Climate: Subtropical, mild winters needed.
• Varieties: Nagpur orange, Eureka lemon.
• Cultivation: Budding technique for propagation.
• Problems: Requires well-drained soil.
• Pests and Diseases: Citrus canker, greening.
• Harvesting: Harvest when fully ripe.
• Yield: Depends on variety and care.
• Storage: Cool, dry place.

Grapes

• Importance: Used in winemaking, fresh consumption.
• Origin: Near East.
• Climate: Temperate.
• Varieties: Thompson Seedless, Bangalore Blue.
• Cultivation: Trellis system for support.
• Problems: Requires pruning.
• Pests and Diseases: Downy mildew, powdery mildew.
• Harvesting: Depends on purpose (table or wine).
• Yield: High yield per hectare.
• Storage: Short shelf life, refrigeration needed.

Papaya

• Importance: Rich in enzymes and vitamins.
• Origin: Central America.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Honey Dew, Coorg Honey Dew.
• Cultivation: Seed propagation, requires fertile soil.
• Problems: Sensitive to waterlogging.
• Pests and Diseases: Papaya ring spot virus.
• Harvesting: Harvest when slightly yellow.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Sensitive to cold storage.

Sapota (Chikoo)

• Importance: Rich in dietary fiber.
• Origin: Mexico, Central America.
• Climate: Subtropical.
• Varieties: Kalipatti, Cricket Ball.
• Cultivation: Propagated by grafting.
• Problems: Requires regular irrigation.
• Pests and Diseases: Leaf spot, mealybug.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: Medium to high.
• Storage: Room temperature.

Guava

• Importance: Rich in Vitamin C.
• Origin: Tropical America.
• Climate: Tropical to subtropical.
• Varieties: Allahabad Safeda, Lucknow-49.
• Cultivation: Air layering and budding.
• Problems: Sensitive to frost.
• Pests and Diseases: Fruit fly, wilt.
• Harvesting: Harvest before fully ripe.
• Yield: High yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Pineapple

• Importance: Rich in vitamins and minerals.
• Origin: South America.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Kew, Queen.
• Cultivation: Propagation through suckers.
• Problems: Requires well-drained soil.
• Pests and Diseases: Mealybug, wilt.
• Harvesting: Harvest when eyes flatten.
• Yield: High per unit area.
• Storage: Room temperature.

Jackfruit

• Importance: Largest tree-borne fruit.
• Origin: Western Ghats of India.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Rudrakshi, Khaja.
• Cultivation: Grown from seeds.
• Problems: Requires large space.
• Pests and Diseases: Jackfruit borer.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: Large fruits, varying yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Pomegranate

• Importance: Antioxidant properties.
• Origin: Iran to Himalayas.
• Climate: Subtropical.
• Varieties: Bhagwa, Ganesh.
• Cultivation: Propagation through cuttings.
• Problems: Sensitive to waterlogging.
• Pests and Diseases: Anar butterfly, fruit rot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when color changes.
• Yield: Medium yield.
• Storage: Cool and dry place.

Custard Apple

• Importance: Rich in nutrients.
• Origin: West Indies.
• Climate: Subtropical.
• Varieties: Balanagar, Pink's Mammoth.
• Cultivation: Seed propagation.
• Problems: Sensitive to frost.
• Pests and Diseases: Mealybug, fruit borer.
• Harvesting: Harvest when soft.
• Yield: Medium yield.
• Storage: Room temperature.

Ber and Jamun

• Importance: Medicinal properties.
• Origin: Indian Subcontinent.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Umran (Ber), Naval (Jamun).
• Cultivation: Propagation through seeds and cuttings.
• Problems: Drought-resistant.
• Pests and Diseases: Fruit fly, rust.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Amla (Indian Gooseberry)

• Importance: Rich in Vitamin C.
• Origin: India.
• Climate: Subtropical.
• Varieties: NA-7, Chakaiya.
• Cultivation: Propagation through seed and cuttings.
• Problems: Requires pruning.
• Pests and Diseases: Bark eating caterpillar.
• Harvesting: Harvest when fruit hardens.
• Yield: High yield.
• Storage: Can be stored under ambient conditions.

Wood Apple and Bael

• Importance: Medicinal and religious significance.
• Origin: Indian Subcontinent.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Kolkata, CISH Bael-1.
• Cultivation: Propagation through seeds.
• Problems: Slow growth.
• Pests and Diseases: Fruit fly, root rot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: Low yield initially.
• Storage: Room temperature.

Date Palm

• Importance: Nutrient-rich dry fruit.
• Origin: Middle East.
• Climate: Hot, arid.
• Varieties: Medjool, Deglet Noor.
• Cultivation: Propagation through offshoots.
• Problems: Requires long, hot summers.
• Pests and Diseases: Red palm weevil, leaf spot.
• Harvesting: Harvest at Khalal stage for fresh consumption.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Can be stored dry.

Subtropical fruits (Mangosteen)

• Importance: Known as "Queen of Fruits".
• Origin: Southeast Asia.
• Climate: Subtropical, high humidity.
• Varieties: Not specified.
• Cultivation: Propagation through seeds.
• Problems: Sensitive to cold.
• Pests and Diseases: Not specified.
• Harvesting: Harvest when rind changes color.
• Yield: Medium yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Fig

• Importance: High in fiber and minerals.
• Origin: Western Asia.
• Climate: Subtropical, mild winters.
• Varieties: Poona Fig, Deanna.
• Cultivation: Propagation through cuttings.
• Problems: Requires well-drained soil.
• Pests and Diseases: Fig rust, nematodes.
• Harvesting: Harvest when soft.
• Yield: High yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Litchi

• Importance: High in Vitamin C.
• Origin: China.
• Climate: Subtropical.
• Varieties: Shahi, China.
• Cultivation: Propagation through air layering.
• Problems: Sensitive to soil pH.
• Pests and Diseases: Bark eating caterpillar, leaf spot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when color changes.
• Yield: Medium yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Avocado

• Importance: High in healthy fats.
• Origin: South Central Mexico.
• Climate: Tropical to subtropical.
• Varieties: Hass, Fuerte.
• Cultivation: Propagation through grafting.
• Problems: Requires well-drained soil.
• Pests and Diseases: Root rot, avocado mite.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: High yield.
• Storage: Can be ripened after harvesting.

Durian and Carambola (Star Fruit)

• Importance: Unique flavor and taste.
• Origin: Southeast Asia.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Mon Thong (Durian), Arkin (Star Fruit).
• Cultivation: Propagation through seeds and grafting.
• Problems: Sensitive to cold.
• Pests and Diseases: Durian fruit borer, Anthracnose.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: Variable yield.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Rambutan and Longan

• Importance: High in Vitamin C.
• Origin: Southeast Asia.
• Climate: Tropical.
• Varieties: Rongrien (Rambutan), Daw (Longan).
• Cultivation: Propagation through seeds and air layering.
• Problems: Requires high humidity.
• Pests and Diseases: Fruit borer, leaf spot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when color changes.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Short shelf life.

Apple

• Importance: Rich in fiber and vitamins.
• Origin: Central Asia.
• Climate: Temperate.
• Varieties: Red Delicious, Golden Delicious.
• Cultivation: Propagation through grafting.
• Problems: Requires chilling hours.
• Pests and Diseases: Apple scab, codling moth.
• Harvesting: Harvest when color changes.
• Yield: High yield per hectare.
• Storage: Can be stored in cold storage.

Pear

• Importance: High in fiber.
• Origin: China.
• Climate: Temperate.
• Varieties: Bartlett, Anjou.
• Cultivation: Propagation through grafting.
• Problems: Requires chilling hours.
• Pests and Diseases: Fire blight, pear psylla.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Can be stored under cool conditions.

Plums and Prunes

• Importance: High in antioxidants.
• Origin: Europe, Asia.
• Climate: Temperate.
• Varieties: Santa Rosa (Plum), French (Prune).
• Cultivation: Propagation through cuttings and grafting.
• Problems: Requires well-drained soil.
• Pests and Diseases: Plum curculio, brown rot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when color changes.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Short shelf life for plums, prunes can be dried.

Peach and Nectarines

• Importance: Rich in vitamins and minerals.
• Origin: China.
• Climate: Temperate.
• Varieties: Elberta (Peach), Independence (Nectarine).
• Cultivation: Propagation through grafting.
• Problems: Requires chilling hours.
• Pests and Diseases: Peach leaf curl, brown rot.
• Harvesting: Harvest when mature.
• Yield: High yield potential.
• Storage: Short shelf life, sensitive to handling.